@jjg The search keyword to start with is probably "static site generator".
One of the oldest, best known examples is Jekyll, written in Ruby. GitHub's GitHub Pages system will auto-build Jekyll-based git repositories on git push and host them on GitHub.io. You can even CNAME a domain to them. (This is how I host my personal blog, for instance.)
Many newer options such as Hugo (written in golang), Gatsby (React-based), etc. Newer static page hosts like surge.sh and Zeit's Now.